Efecto y mitigación de la toxicidad por arsénico y cadmio en cultivo de arroz
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36436/24223484.327Palabras clave:
Toxicidad, estrés oxidativo, contaminación, metales pesados, bioacumulación.Resumen
El arroz es un cereal básico en la alimentación de millones de personas en el mundo. Sin embargo, las malas prácticas agrícolas e industriales han aumentado la contaminación de suelos agrícolas con metales pesados como el arsénico y el cadmio, los cuales son considerados tóxicos no solo para las plantas sino para los humanos. Los metales pesados se bioacumulan en los organismos y se mueven a través de las cadenas tróficas hasta llegar a las personas y generar graves afectaciones a su salud. El arsénico y cadmio pueden afectar la fertilidad del suelo, disminuir las actividades microbianas, la biodiversidad y los rendimientos de los cultivos. Las principales afectaciones en las plantas son las alteraciones en la morfología y fisiología, pues el arsénico y el cadmio están relacionados con el estrés oxidativo en las células, el cual provoca daño de la pared celular por la peroxidación de lípidos. Este documento expondrá los mecanismos de transporte y de defensa de las plantas para mitigar los efectos adversos de la toxicidad del arsénico y cadmio. Además, se muestran algunas técnicas para la remediación de metales pesados, las cuales incluyen métodos físicos, químicos y biológicos. La desintoxicación por metales pesados en suelos se enfoca por un lado en su remoción y por el otro, en la disminución de su biodisponibilidad y movilidad tanto en el suelo como en la planta.Descargas
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