Effect and mitigation of arsenic and cadmium toxicity in rice cultivation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36436/24223484.327Keywords:
Toxicidad, estrés oxidativo, contaminación, metales pesados, bioacumulación.Abstract
Rice is a staple food for millions of people around the world. However, poor agricultural and industrial practices have increased the contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium, which are considered toxic not only for plants but also for humans. Heavy metals bioaccumulate in organisms and move through food chains until they reach humans, causing serious health consequences. Arsenic and cadmium can affect soil fertility, reduce microbial activity, biodiversity, and crop yields. The main effects on plants are alterations in morphology and physiology, as arsenic and cadmium are linked to oxidative stress in cells, which causes cell wall damage through lipid peroxidation. This document will explain the transport and defense mechanisms of plants to mitigate the adverse effects of arsenic and cadmium toxicity. In addition, several heavy metal remediation techniques are presented, which include physical, chemical, and biological methods. Heavy metal detoxification in soils focuses on their removal and, on the other, on reducing their bioavailability and mobility in both the soil and the plant.Downloads
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