Cannabis sativa: naturaleza, composición química y usos terapéuticos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36436/24223484.659Palabras clave:
Cannabinoides, Cannabis sp., cáñamo, uso medicinal y recreativo, tetrahidrocannabinolResumen
El cáñamo o cannabis (Cannabis sativa) es una planta que, durante milenios, ha sido altamente demandada por sus múltiples aplicaciones, tanto medicinales como industriales, incluyendo la fabricación de bioplásticos, textiles, materiales de construcción, filtros de agua, energía y combustibles. Sin embargo, con el tiempo, su uso disminuyó debido a su baja rentabilidad, y posteriormente fue prohibida en gran parte del mundo durante el siglo XX, como resultado de factores económicos, sociales y políticos. Actualmente, la planta está recuperando su relevancia gracias a un cambio de paradigma impulsado por la ciencia, la economía y la sociedad. Diversas investigaciones han demostrado los beneficios de sus compuestos activos, conocidos como cannabinoides (tetrahidrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabigerol y cannabicromeno), lo que ha favorecido su legalización para fines terapéuticos y medicinales. Además, Cannabis sativa posee un amplio potencial en sectores como la industria textil, la energía renovable, la nutrición, la cosmética, la agricultura sostenible y el uso recreativo. Esta revisión aborda su historia, evolución y aplicaciones, destacando su utilidad en el tratamiento de patologías como dolor crónico, cáncer terminal, esclerosis múltiple, epilepsia, ansiedad, depresión, tumores, enfermedad de Alzheimer y enfermedad de Parkinson.Descargas
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