Estrategias para reducir las emisiones de metano entérico en rumiantes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36436/24223484.656Palabras clave:
Ganadería, microbiota, calentamiento global, hexafluoruro de azufre, detector laserResumen
La simbiosis entre bacterias, hongos, protozoarios y arqueobacterias metanogénicas, mantiene un flujo constante del hidrógeno en el rumen para producir metano y ácidos grasos de cadena corta como parte de la degradación y fermentación del alimento. Como estrategia para reducir las emisiones entéricas de metano, se utilizan compuestos químicos —algunos extraídos de plantas— mismas que se utilizan en partes o en su totalidad y que se incluyen en la dieta, porque tienen la capacidad de afectar la compleja ecología ruminal y de esta forma, reducir la producción de metano entérico. Otras estrategias incluyen el manejo alimenticio y favorecen la degradación y fermentación del alimento al usar diferentes proporciones de ingredientes que hacen eficiente la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta y la síntesis de proteína microbiana. Se puede medir las emisiones entéricas de metano de forma directa con la técnica del detector láser, capaz de cuantificar el metano exhalado al aire presente cerca a la nariz y boca del rumiante. Las mediciones indirectas, como la técnica con hexafluoruro de azufre utilizada en rumiantes en pastoreo no alteran su comportamiento natural. La clave de la mitigación de metano es conocer las simbiosis entre los microorganismos ruminales y así establecer estrategias conjuntas con compuestos químicos y manejo alimenticio según las condiciones propias de cada producción. La presente revisión, tiene como objetivo presentar algunas de las estrategias para reducir las emisiones de metano entérico en rumiantes y sus efectos sobre las variables de fermentación y microbiota ruminal.Descargas
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